Biology Regents Practice Exam

What is necessary to develop a scientific theory?

1. An inference.

2. A fact.

3. A theory.

4. A prediction.

The correct answer is: A theory.

To develop a scientific theory, it is essential to build upon existing explanations and integrate a body of evidence that supports a particular conceptual framework. A theory is not simply a guess or a hypothesis; it is a well-substantiated explanation based on a significant body of evidence that has been repeatedly tested and validated through observation and experimentation. Theories synthesize numerous hypotheses and incorporate a breadth of data from various studies, providing a comprehensive understanding of a specific phenomenon. For example, the theory of evolution combines evidence from genetics, paleontology, and ecology to explain the diversity of life on Earth. In contrast, while inferences, facts, and predictions play important roles in the scientific method, they do not by themselves constitute a theory. An inference helps in drawing conclusions, a fact represents observable phenomena, and a prediction proposes anticipated outcomes based on existing knowledge. However, it is the theory that ties these elements together into a cohesive explanation of natural phenomena.