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Homologous structures provide strong evidence for common ancestry among different species. These structures, which may serve different functions, share similar anatomical features and developmental origins, pointing to a shared evolutionary pathway. For example, the forelimbs of humans, whales, and bats might serve various purposes—manipulation, swimming, and flying, respectively—but they all share a similar bone structure. This similarity indicates that these species have diverged from a common ancestor over time, adapting to their unique environments while retaining a fundamental anatomical framework inherited from their predecessor.

Understanding homologous structures is crucial for studying evolutionary biology, as they illustrate how species evolve and adapt while maintaining ties to their ancestral origins.